What was the actual error code for the failed updates ?
While you could get more details from the Windows Update Log, I think it is difficult to understand, although I haven't had any fails to identify from it, but you can view it by holding the Windows key+r then type windowsupdate.log and press enter where it will open in Notepad.
This tutorial will show you how to view just the files sfc /scannow was unable to repair in the cbs.log and with a linked tutorial in how to extract damaged files from a Win 7 install disk.
http://www.sevenforums.com/tutorials/1538-sfc-scannow-command-system-file-checker.htmlHowever because of the rarity of Win 7 SP1 install disks and the difficulty now in obtaining a download without a valid retail product key, from the CBS Log, Shane may be able to post a download for those damaged files - so can you zip that up and attach.
In the event that you do have a Win 7 SP1 install disk, you can perform an offboot sfc /scannow by booting up the install disk where the damaged files will be replaced from the install disk.
If this applies to you, I'll follow up with those instructions, but in the meantime can you run a chkdsk /r from an elevated command prompt to determine the state of the HDD where you will be looking for any KBs in bad sectors
You can view the full chkdsk report by going Start - type eventvwr and press enter.
When it has read the logs, expand Windows Logs - click on Application - Action - Find then type chkdsk or wininit into the Find box and press enter.
Click on Cancel to close the Find box and then you can read the report in the scrollable window.
If it finds anything serious and you would like advice on, you can post it by clicking on Copy/Copy details as text in the lower right pane then right click in the Reply box and select Paste.