I don't use passwords on my machines but I don't think you do get the option to login in that mode.
The reason your screen looks different is because in that mode it uses the onboard VGA graphics and not your normal GPU.
In that mode, Windows disables audio.
From Win 8/8.1 onwards, in that mode Windows disables wireless so you would normally Ethernet connect.
However, if it isn't practical for you to Ethernet connect, you can manually connect to your SSID.
When you get to the desktop in that mode, press CTRL ALT DEL then click on the wireless icon then on your SSID and then on Connect.
When it has connected, left click away from that pane to clear it then click on Cancel where you will then see a normal wireless icon.
You can then start the Windows Repair program.